Cat tail9/28/2023 ![]() ![]() They germinate best with sunlight and fluctuating temperatures, which is typical of many wetland plants that regenerate on mud flats. ![]() Buried seeds can survive in the soil for long periods of time. Typha are often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud, with their abundant wind-dispersed seeds. General ecology Typhas pictured in the coat of arms of Kälviä, a former municipality located on the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia When ripe, the heads disintegrate into a cottony fluff from which the seeds disperse by wind.įruits of Typha have been found as long ago as 69 mya in modern Central Europe. The seeds are minute, 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in) long, and attached to fine hairs. In larger species this can be up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 1 to 4 centimetres (0.4 to 2 in) thick. Large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, sausage-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of stamens and hairs, and withers once the pollen is shed. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. The plants are monoecious, with unisexual flowers that develop in dense racemes. : 925 The leaves are glabrous (hairless), linear, alternate and mostly basal on a simple, jointless stem that bears the flowering spikes. Typha are aquatic or semi-aquatic, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial plants. Evidence of preserved starch grains on grinding stones suggests they were already eaten in Europe 30,000 years ago. The rhizomes are edible, though at least some species are known to accumulate toxins and so must first undergo treatment before being eaten. The genus is largely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, where it is found in a variety of wetland habitats. Other taxa of plants may be known as bulrush, including some sedges in Scirpus and related genera. These plants have a variety of common names, in British English as bulrush or reedmace, in American English as reed, cattail, or punks, in Australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada as bulrush or cattail, and in New Zealand as reed, cattail, bulrush or raupo. Typha / ˈ t aɪ f ə/ is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. ![]()
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